![]() ![]() The physician should also evaluate for other possible conditions that may mimic or coexist with ADHD 8, 10, 11 ( Table 3 8, 9 ). 16 The physician should ask about the presence and duration of core ADHD symptoms and the degree of functional impairment from the perspective of the patient, family, and school. The evaluation of ADHD in children and adolescents ( Figure 1 8 – 11 ) includes a history and physical examination, review of information across home and community settings ( Table 1 8, 9 ), and application of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria ( Table 2). Height, weight, heart rate, blood pressure, symptoms, mood, and treatment adherence should be recorded at follow-up visits. There are fewer supporting studies for atomoxetine, guanfacine, and clonidine, and they are less effective than the psychostimulants. Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, are most effective for the treatment of core ADHD symptoms and have generally acceptable adverse effect profiles. Medications are recommended as first-line therapy for older children. Effective behavioral therapies include parent training, classroom management, and peer interventions. Behavioral treatments are recommended for preschool-aged children and may be helpful at older ages. Coexisting conditions (e.g., anxiety, learning, mood, or sleep disorders) should be identified and treated. Physicians who inherit a patient with a previous ADHD diagnosis should review the diagnostic process, and current symptoms and treatment needs. Physicians should evaluate for ADHD in children with behavioral concerns (e.g., inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, oppositionality) or poor academic progress using validated assessment tools with observers from several settings (home, school, community) and self-observation, if possible. ![]() Six relaxation techniques to reduce stress.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children, and the prevalence is increasing. Retrospective outcome monitoring of adhd and nutrition (Roman): the effectiveness of the few-foods diet in general practice. ![]() Pelsser L, Frankena K, Toorman J, Rodrigues Pereira R. Quick guide to oppositional defiant disorder.Īmerican Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Risk factors for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Noordermeer SDS, Luman M, Weeda WD, et al. Oppositional defiant disorder in adults with ADHD. Reimherr FW, Marchant BK, Olsen JL, Wender PH, Robison RJ. Common questions about oppositional defiant disorder. Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD and behavior problems.Ĭhildren and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD). Oppositional defiant disorder.Ĭhild Mind Institute. Having time and interests outside of your child is beneficial tooĬincinnati Children's.
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